Improving cash flow is a smart move for any business. It doesn’t matter how great yourbusiness modelis, how profitable you are, or how many investors you have lined up. If you’re looking for one area to focus on that will have a dramatic impact on your business, this is it.
New and growing businesses often don’t have a buffer of extra cash to get them through shortfalls, because they are always reinvesting. Years with the most significant growth—including the first few years of a business’s lifespan—are also challenging when it comes to cash flow.
Cash flow management is one of many reasons it’s so hard to get a new business off the ground.
What is cash flow management?
Cash flow management is the process of monitoring, analyzing, and optimizing the inflow and outflow of cash within a business. It involves ensuring that a company has sufficient funds available to meet its financial obligations, such as paying bills, salaries, and loan repayments.
To calculate cash flow, a business takes note of how much cash is available at the beginning and at the end of a specific period. This time period may be a week or a month. The business will have a positive cash flow if there is more in the account at the end of the period than when the period began; it will have a negative cash flow if there is less cash at the end.
Getting good atcash flow managementis one of the best things you can do for your business. Not only that, it’s a skill you can carry over into other ventures, as well as your personal finances.
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Learn MoreThe difference between cash flow and profitability
Cash flow is not the same as profitability. A profitable business can still be unable to pay its bills. Similarly, just because a business is meeting all of its financial obligations doesn’t mean it’s profitable.
Profit is a basicsmall business accountingterm, which really only exists on paper. Measuring profit is a particular way of looking at a business. It doesn’t tell you a whole lot about how the business is getting by day-to-day.
How to calculate profit
The first step to calculating profit is to take your total revenue and then subtract the cost of goods sold. The difference is your gross profit.
Revenue – Cost of Goods Sold = Gross Profit
For example, if you sold $100,000 in rocking chairs and the chairs themselves cost you $50,000 wholesale, your gross profit would be $50,000.
Revenue: $100,000
Cost of Goods Sold-$50,000
Gross Profit: $50,000
Of course, you would probably have other expenses beyond buying the chairs. For example, you’d need a place to store the chairs, and you might want to run some ads to get more sales. These expenses are called operating expenses, and they get subtracted from your gross profit.
Operating expenses include most costs that don’t directly connect to what you sell—things like rent, equipment, payroll, and marketing.
The second step is to subtract operating expenses from gross profit. The difference is net profit.
Gross Profit – Operating Expenses = Net Profit
Revenue: $100,000
Cost of Goods Sold:-$50,000
Gross Profit: $50,000
Operating Expenses:-$35,000
Net Profit: $15,000
If your net profit is a positive number, you made money. If it’s a negative number, you lost money. This report as a whole is called theincome statement, or profit and loss (P&L).
The “problem” with profit
In relation to small business cash flow management, the problem with income statements is that they don’t show your whole business. A few essential pieces of information are missing.
1. Debt repayment
If you have any business loans or other startup capital to repay, it won't show up here. Only the interest on those loans is included on a P&L, even though debt repayments can eat up a lot of cash.
2. Equipment payments
类似的, if you make a significant equipment purchase, the entire cost will not show up in this section. Instead, that cost will get spread out over the lifetime of the equipment. If you spend $100,000 on a canning line and you think it will last you 10 years, your income statement will show an expense of $10,000/year for 10 years, even if you had to pay all of it upfront.
3. Taxes
Note that your net profit isn’t taxed at this point, which means it will shrink even more. Even if all of your profit is available in cash, you won’t be able to run out and spend it all in one place.
4. Cash received
Finally, many businesses use accrual accounting, which records revenue even if you haven't received the money yet. On paper, you might have $200,000 in sales, but if no one has paid you yet, you’re still going to have a hard time paying your bills.
Further, if you carryinventory, all that product has value and gets included on your income statement as well. Of course, to extract cash from your inventory, you need to sell it first.
如何管理现金流和利润?
Ultimately, all good cash flow management strategies come down to timing. You may be profitable over the course of a month or a year, but not over a specific day or week. If your bills are due at the beginning of the month, but you won’t have any money in the bank until the end of the month, you’ve got a cash flow problem, even if at the end of the month you made more than you spent.
Here’s the deal with profit: if you’re not profitable on paper, you’re in bad shape. You need to either increase your revenue or decrease your expenses if you want to stay in business. But just because you’re profitable doesn’t mean your business can run on autopilot. You still need to practice cash flow control—especially if you’re growing.
Although it may seem intimidating, there are clear benefits to cash flow control and prioritizing effective cash flow management.
Forecast your cash flow with this template
We've put together a cash flow forecast template to help streamline the process and save you time and stress. Download and read on to learn how to use it.
Get the forecast templateBenefits of cash flow management
1. Predict shortfalls
The first and most obvious benefit to managing cash flow and working capital is knowing ahead of time when you’re going to have shortfalls. Don’t find out you can’t make rent after the check bounces. With a good system in place, you can predict shortfalls weeks, sometimes even months, ahead of time, which gives you time to come up with a plan.
For example:
- Call your landlord and ask them to cash your check a few days later
- Delay a shipment by a couple of weeks to put off paying duty at customs
- Run a promotion to drive additional sales quickly
- Go on a collection to spree to clear up outstanding bills
2. Reduce stress
Believe it or not, managing cash flow will alleviate a lot of stress. Much of the anxiety entrepreneurs experience around paying bills comes from not knowing what’s going on and worrying about whether or not things will work out.
It’s much better to know what’s coming, even if the outlook is not good. When you know where you stand, you’ll feel prepared. More importantly, you’ll be equipped to deal with it.
3. Know when to grow
When you’re managing cash flow, you know exactly how much money you have to spend on growth. Remember, just because your P&L tells you there’s extra money lying around, doesn’t mean it will materialize in real life.
类似的, just because you have $20,000 in the bank doesn’t mean you can spend it. You might need it to pay for upcoming expenses. When you look at your cash flow over weeks and months, you’ll know how much to keep on hand and how much you can stash away or spend on growth.
4. Gain leverage
Effective cash flow analysis gives you leverage. If you need to borrow money from the bank via a line of credit to get you through a shortfall, or want to get a supplier to give you a break for a few weeks without interrupting service, a good cash flow management system will back you up and establish trust.
Financial institutions generally like to see this kind of planning, especially if you can clearly show when you’ll be able to repay the funds. Suppliers are much more likely to be flexible if you can tell them exactly how you’ll pay and when—rather than cutting communication like most businesses do during tough periods. These people want your business and will be more willing to work with you through the ups and downs if they can trust you.
5. Improve budget accuracy
Cash flow is significantly more accurate than a budget. Budgets tell you what you want to happen. They’re wishful thinking, andentrepreneurs天生是乐观的。现金流预测tell you what is actually happening so you can deal with it—even if it’s not what you planned at the beginning of the year.
Most of us (myself included) would often rather not think about managing cash flow and just hope it all works out. But it’s not worth the risk. You really will feel better by staying on top of your money.
How to manage cash flow
There are many paid tools out there to help manage cash flow. Personally, I think the free one is the best one: Google Sheets. Anyone can use a Google spreadsheet to createcash flow statements. Although it’s a manual process, it doesn’t take long to set up, and it’s easy to track.
More importantly, it’s easy to customize on the fly and adapt to your specific needs or situation. You can be as broad or as specific as you want. And the time you spend creating and updating your spreadsheet is valuable for gaining a clearer picture of your situation.
Thecash flow spreadsheet就是你的现金的大纲。它显示s you when cash will be coming in, and when it will be going out, and it’s a great way to visualize cash flow management and adjust your approach.
How do you keep control of your cash flow?
The best way to keep control of your money is with cash flow statements. In small business cash management, a cash flow statement is an account of the cash flowing into and out of a business over an accounting period, such as a month, quarter, or year, although you can track cash flow for any time period that helps you see where your money is going. Try this out inShopify's Cash Flow Calculator.
Most businesses work best by planning week to week; however, some may need to plan daily, others only need to plan monthly. It’s also up to you if you want to include every single expense or just categories of expenses. These decisions will depend on the scale and complexity of your business.
类似的, some businesses will be able to project their cash flow accurately for six months, others only two weeks. In general, try to project four to six weeks with reasonable accuracy. A good rule of thumb for small business cash flow management is that the farther you are into the future, the less accurate your predictions will be.
Step 1: Forecast expenses
The first step is to lay out all of your ongoing financial obligations. Start by making a list of everything you have to pay for—rent, salary, advertisements, software fees, loan repayments—anything that comes out of your bottom line.
Write down what the expense is for, how much it is, and when it’s due. You’ll likely forget a few things, so review your bank and credit card statements to see what other expenses you find.
Step 2: Forecast revenue
Next, it’s time to forecast your weekly revenue. Many businesses experience fluctuations in sales, so it can be a bit of an art. Try to be as accurate as possible. The more established your business becomes, the easier it will be.
Start by writing down any guaranteed revenue. If you sell subscriptions or have long-term contracts, you’ll have a good idea of what’s coming up. You can estimate if those numbers are going to go up, down, or stay the same. If a large portion of your sales come from first-time customers, it will be more difficult to estimate. Still, you should have a good idea of what to expect over the coming weeks and months. The closer you can get to reality, the better.
One best practice in small business cash management is looking at past data to assist projections. In many cases, your sales from this week one year ago will be more accurate than your sales last week, because historical data takes annual cycles and seasonality into account. If you believe your sales will grow over last year’s, you can increase the amount, but it’s important to be conservative to avoid ending up in a bad situation.
As you forecast revenue each week, be mindful of any dips in sales due to holidays or the time of month or year, as well as any promotions or major deals that will positively impact your revenue.
Step 3: Plug in your data
Now comes the fun part—filling in your data. First, grab yourfree copy of the cash flow projection template. You can customize a row for each expense and each revenue source. You can be as detailed or as broad you need to be.
Take a look at this business cash flow management example below.
If you sell a bunch of products on one website, you may only have one source of revenue. If you use multiple channels, such as web, retail, and trade shows, you might want to have a line for each, because it will be easier to predict.
Make sure you add revenue to the week it will become available to you. Keep in mind that it may take a few days to end up in your bank account.
类似的, fill in your expenses. Some will be weekly, some bi-weekly, some monthly, some variable. You’re also going to have a lot of miscellaneous expenses popping up. Use the row labeled “Other” to work these into the spreadsheet.
Add your opening cash balance for the first week. The following weeks will be predicted automatically based on your revenue and expense projections.
Step 4: Update your projection spreadsheet
Your cash flow spreadsheet is a living document. If you keep it as a Google Sheet, it will be available anytime, anywhere. You’ll also be able to easily share it with someone else, such as your accountant or another employee.
A good cash flow spreadsheet is updated on a regular basis. Once a week, log in and update your closing cash balance. If it doesn’t match your previous calculations, it’s a good idea to figure out why. Sometimes expenses you forgot about pop up, or you realize you may have been too optimistic in your revenue projections.
Next, hide last month’s column. You won’t need it anymore since it’s in the past.
Finally, add a new week of projections in the last column. You always want to have a minimum of four to six weeks laid out so you can plan ahead.
Any time you’re projecting a shortfall, the closing cash balance will alert you by turning red, which prompts you to make some changes. In the template provided, you can see that a shortfall is predicted in the second month.
If your business is having cash flow problems, here are six ways to increase cash flow today.
How to improve cash flow
- Focus on inventory control
- Lease, don't buy
- Send out invoices right away
- Look for alternative revenue streams
- Check if suppliers offer early pay discounts
- Use a high interest savings account
1. Focus on inventory control
With cash flow management in mind, consider updating inventory to reflect current supply-and-demand levels in your business. Do a frequentABC analysisof your products to determine what’s selling and what’s not. Then, you can keep more inventory on hand that’s likely to move fast and get rid ofdead stockat a discount.
2. Lease, don’t buy
Small business financeis always tricky, especially during challenging times. You don’t want to get into much debt, but sometimes you need to invest in equipment or inventory that’ll pay off in the long run. Good cash management practices would be to lease rather than buy. When you lease, you can make small payments over time and keep cash flow for your day-to-day operations. It’s also a business expense, so you can write it off on your taxes.
3. Send out and pay invoices right away
One key part of small business cash flow management is getting paid as soon as possible. If you send out invoices immediately, receivables will come in faster. If you typically operate on a monthly billing cycle, talk with your vendors to let them know you’ll be moving to an invoice-on-demand model. Bonus points if you offer them an early pay discount.
TIP:UseShopify Bill Payto easily view, upload, pre-schedule, and pay vendor invoices via credit, debit, or ACH transfer without paying subscription fees.
4. Look for alternative revenue streams
If your scenario is changing and putting pressure on your current revenue streams, look for alternative ways tomake money online. You may be able to temporarily, or even permanently, replace less profitable revenue streams with easier, more effective ones.
For example, theCOVID-19spread has shuttered many bricks-and-mortar businesses due to mandatory shutdowns. A main source of cash flow for these businesses is foot traffic. To combat the drop in revenue, they aremoving their business onlineand offering different shopping experiences, like “Buy Online, Pickup Curbside” andlocal deliveryoptions.
This can help make managing your cash flow easier and take pressure off your top line.
5. Check if suppliers offer early pay discounts
One way to preserve working capital and cash flow management is to pay suppliers less. Some suppliers may have early pay discounts you aren’t aware of. Paying your suppliers early can help you save cash and even improve the integrity of your supply relationships, especially if other vendors are delaying payments in abnormal business conditions.
6. Use a high-interest savings account
To maximize your cash flow, put money into a high-interestbusiness savings account. Find an account that gives you more than 1% for leaving your cash in it, with a low minimum deposit. This can improve your cash position month by month and help you prepare for any unforeseen impacts on your customers or suppliers.
Learn more:How to Use Financial Statements for Your Ecommerce Business
Get a free cash flow projection template
大多数公司无法生存没有适当的现金flow management. But anyone can do it. Take the time to get organized now, and it’ll be easy to stay on top of it.
If you haven’t already, don’t forget to grab your free cash flow template. You can access the spreadsheet in Google Drive. You’ll need to be logged into your Google account to make a copy.
Illustration by Till Lauer
Cash flow management FAQ
What do you do with cash flow?
Positive cash flow in financial management shows that a business’s liquid assets are increasing. With a positive cash flow, you can settle debts, reinvest in your business, pay expenses, and create a hedge for financial challenges in the future. Inbusiness financing, a company with strong cash flow can take advantage of lower interest loans and more profitable investments.
How do you start a cash flow projection?
To start a cash flow projection, you’ll need to sell more than you are spending. You can predict cash flow by preparing aseasonal forecast:
- Step 1:Create a list of assumptions based on sales growth estimates, price increases from suppliers, seasonality, general cost increases, and wage increases.
- Step 2:Write down anticipated sales income based on industry trends, internal price changes, and economic factors.
- Step 3:List out estimated cash inflows including government grants, tax refunds or GST rebates, loan proceeds, royalties, or equity contributions.
- Step 4:写下估计费用包括供应商payments, wages for staff, asset purchases, and loan repayments.
- Step 5:Combine all this information by adding cash inflows and deducting outflows. This will give you a better idea of what your cash position is.
现金流管理的主要目的是什么?
In small business cash flow management, the main objective of managing cash flow is to track and analyze the amount of cash received minus business expenses. This helps estimate what you’ll make and spend in the future and maintain your business during emergencies.
Why is cash flow important in cost management?
Cash flow is important in cost management because it helps plan and control the budget of a business. An accountant can better forecast if you can make payment for assets that help your business run, such as raw materials, stock, employees, rent, and other related expenses.